Advanced
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Defaults follow Lawrence & Livingston, Phys. Rev. 40, 19 (1932): 11″ magnet, extraction radius ≈11.5 cm, Vpeak=4 kV, Bz≈1.39 T (→ ~1.22 MeV protons), RF and inject frequencies locked to \(f=qB/(2\pi m)\). Source starts off. Raise Display f in the toolbar to speed up the animation.

Diagnostics
β(t)
κ(t)
ρ(t)