Read the original cyclotron paper: Lawrence, E. O. & Livingston, M. S., The Production of High Speed Light Ions Without the Use of High Voltages, Phys. Rev. 40, 19–35 (1932), doi:10.1103/PhysRev.40.19.
- Recapture the central idea of the cyclotron in your own words.
- Calculate (or extract from the paper) the cyclotron frequency for the configuration described there.
- Compare the cyclotron frequency with the frequency of the driving high voltage.
- Describe the ion-bunch structure that emerges from the cyclotron.
- Calculate the cyclotron frequency as a function of kinetic energy, including relativistic effects, and plot this function with Python (or another tool of your choice).
Optional interactive support: cyclotron simulator (Lecture 2).